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The affine is a type of monoalphabetic substitution cipher,
wherein each letter in an alphabet is mapped to its numeric equivalent,
encrypted using a simple mathematical function, and converted back to a letter.
The formula used means that each letter encrypts to one other letter, and back again,
meaning the cipher is essentially a standard substitution cipher with a rule governing which
letter goes to which. As such, it has the weaknesses of all substitution ciphers. Each letter is
enciphered with the function (a*x + b) mod 26, where a is the magnitude of the multiplication and
b is the magnitude of the shift which is 0 in this case.
[Source: Wikipedia]
[Source: Wikipedia]
